Perbandingan Teknologi Energi Terbarukan Sebagai Solusi Ketahanan Energi Nasional

Abstrak

Indonesia possesses enormous renewable energy potential, yet its utilization remains far below optimal levels. This study compares four major renewable energy technologies — solar (PLTS), wind (PLTB), hydropower (PLTA), and biogas from technical and economic perspectives. The comparison is based on four key parameters: energy conversion efficiency, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), supply reliability, and suitability for Indonesia's geographic conditions. Findings indicate that each technology holds specific advantages under particular conditions: solar excels in ease of installation and scalability; wind offers the highest conversion efficiency in windy locations; hydropower provides 24-hour reliability at the lowest LCOE; and biogas suits agricultural areas with relatively stable energy supply. No single technology is universally superior across all conditions, making an energy mix approach that considers local potential the most optimal strategy for Indonesia.