Analisis Pengaruh Debit Fluida Terhadap Kinerja Pompa Sentrifugal Pada Sistem Perpipaan Industri

Abstrak

Centrifugal pumps are critical components in industrial piping systems used to transfer fluids through increasing kinetic energy and pressure. The performance of centrifugal pumps is significantly influenced by the fluid flow rate operating within the system. Inappropriate flow rates can cause efficiency reduction, cavitation, increased losses, and pump component damage. This study aims to analyze the effect of fluid flow rate on pump head, efficiency, cavitation characteristics, and other performance parameters using a comprehensive literature review method. Results show that each pump has an optimal operating point (Best Efficiency Point/BEP) where efficiency reaches its maximum value. Flow rates above BEP cause head reduction and cavitation risk, while flow rates below BEP trigger recirculation and flow instability. The use of Variable Speed Drives (VSD) is proven effective in improving energy efficiency by 20–50% compared to conventional operation.